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अष्टाध्यायी - व्याख्या
अध्याय ३ - उपध्याय १
Introduction
This is the third chapter/first subchapter out of eight chapters/thirty-two subchapters अष्टाध्यायी consists of.
This work was written by the greatest Sanskrit grammarian of all time: Pāṇini, who lived about 500BCE in India.
This अष्टाध्यायी contains the entire set of rules controlling Sanskrit grammar. It is required reading for all Sanskrit scholars and also for those who want to go deep at Sanskrit grammar.
Now read अष्टाध्यायी and experience Supreme Delight.
Important: All that is in brackets and italicized within the translation has been added by me in order to complete the sense of a particular phrase or sentence. In turn, all that is between double hyphen (--...--) constitutes clarifying further information also added by me.
Aphorisms 1-10
३.१.१ प्रत्ययः।
3.1.1 Pratyayaḥ|
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३.१.२ परश्च।
3.1.2 Paraśca|
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३.१.३ आद्युदात्तश्च।
3.1.3 Ādyudāttaśca|
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३.१.४ अनुदत्तौ सुप्पितौ।
3.1.4 Anudattau suppitau|
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३.१.५ गुप्तिज्किद्भ्यः सन्।
3.1.5 Guptijkidbhyaḥ san|
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३.१.६ मान्बधदान्शान्भ्यो दीर्घश्चाभ्यासस्य।
3.1.6 Mānbadhadānśānbhyo dīrghaścābhyāsasya|
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३.१.७ धातोः कर्मणः समानकर्तृकादिच्छायां वा।
3.1.7 Dhātoḥ karmaṇaḥ samānakartṛkādicchāyāṁ vā|
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३.१.८ सुप आत्मनः क्यच्।
3.1.8 Supa ātmanaḥ kyac|
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३.१.९ काम्यच्च।
3.1.9 Kāmyacca|
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३.१.१० उपमानादाचारे।
3.1.10 Upamānādācāre|
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Aphorisms 11-20
३.१.११ कर्तुः क्यङ् सलोपश्च।
3.1.11 Kartuḥ kyaṅ salopaśca|
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३.१.१२ भृशादिभ्यो भुव्यच्वेर्लोपश्च हलः।
3.1.12 Bhṛśādibhyo bhuvyacverlopaśca halaḥ|
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३.१.१३ लोहितादिडाज्भ्यः क्यष्.
३.१.१४ कष्टाय क्रमणे।
3.1.13 Lohitādiḍājbhyaḥ kyaṣ.
3.1.14 Kaṣṭāya kramaṇe|
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३.१.१५ कर्मणः रोमन्थतपोभ्यां वर्तिचरोः।
3.1.15 Karmaṇaḥ romanthatapobhyāṁ varticaroḥ|
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३.१.१६ बाष्पोष्माभ्यां उद्वमने।
3.1.16 Bāṣpoṣmābhyāṁ udvamane|
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३.१.१७ शब्दवैरकलहाभ्रकण्वमेघेभ्यः करणे।
3.1.17 Śabdavairakalahābhrakaṇvameghebhyaḥ karaṇe|
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३.१.१८ सुखादिभ्यः कर्तृवेदनायाम्।
3.1.18 Sukhādibhyaḥ kartṛvedanāyām|
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३.१.१९ नमोवरिवश्चित्रङः क्यच्।
3.1.19 Namovarivaścitraṅaḥ kyac|
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३.१.२० पुच्छभाण्डचीवराण्णिङ्।
3.1.20 Pucchabhāṇḍacīvarāṇṇiṅ|
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Aphorisms 21-30
३.१.२१ मुण्डमिश्रश्लक्ष्णलवणव्रतवस्त्रहलकलकृततूस्तेभ्यो णिच्।
3.1.21 Muṇḍamiśraślakṣṇalavaṇavratavastrahalakalakṛtatūstebhyo ṇic|
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३.१.२२ धातोरेकाचो हलादेः क्रियासमभिहारे यङ्।
3.1.22 Dhātorekāco halādeḥ kriyāsamabhihāre yaṅ|
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३.१.२३ नित्यं कौटिल्ये गतौ।
3.1.23 Nityaṁ kauṭilye gatau|
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३.१.२४ लुपसदचरजपजभदहदशगॄभ्यो भावगर्हायाम्।
3.1.24 Lupasadacarajapajabhadahadaśagṝbhyo bhāvagarhāyām|
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३.१.२५ सत्यापपाशरूपवीणातूलश्लोकसेनालोमत्वचवर्मवर्णचूर्णचुरादिभ्यो णिच्।
3.1.25 Satyāpapāśarūpavīṇātūlaślokasenālomatvacavarmavarṇacūrṇacurādibhyo ṇic|
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३.१.२६ हेतुमति च।
3.1.26 Hetumati ca|
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३.१.२७ कण्ड्वादिभ्यो यक्।
3.1.27 Kaṇḍvādibhyo yak|
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३.१.२८ गुपूधूपविच्छिपणिपनिभ्य आयः।
3.1.28 Gupūdhūpavicchipaṇipanibhya āyaḥ|
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३.१.२९ ऋतेरीयङ्।
3.1.29 Ṛterīyaṅ|
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३.१.३० कमेर्णिङ्।
3.1.30 Kamerṇiṅ|
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Aphorisms 31-40
३.१.३१ आयादय आर्धद्धातुके वा।
3.1.31 Āyādaya ārdhaddhātuke vā|
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३.१.३२ सनाद्यन्ता धातवः।
3.1.32 Sanādyantā dhātavaḥ|
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३.१.३३ स्यतासी लृलुटोः।
3.1.33 Syatāsī lṛluṭoḥ|
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३.१.३४ सिब्बहुलं लेटि।
3.1.34 Sibbahulaṁ leṭi|
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३.१.३५ कास्प्रत्ययादाममन्त्रे लिटि।
3.1.35 Kāspratyayādāmamantre liṭi|
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३.१.३६ इजादेश्च गुरुमतोऽनृच्छः।
3.1.36 Ijādeśca gurumato'nṛcchaḥ|
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३.१.३७ दयायासश्च।
3.1.37 Dayāyāsaśca|
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३.१.३८ उषविदजागृभ्योऽन्यतरस्याम्।
3.1.38 Uṣavidajāgṛbhyo'nyatarasyām|
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३.१.३९ भीह्रीभृहुवां श्लुवच्च।
3.1.39 Bhīhrībhṛhuvāṁ śluvacca|
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३.१.४० कृञ् चानुप्रयुज्यते लिटि।
3.1.40 Kṛñ cānuprayujyate liṭi|
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Aphorisms 41-50
३.१.४१ विदाङ्कुर्वन्त्वित्यन्यतरस्याम्।
3.1.41 Vidāṅkurvantvityanyatarasyām|
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३.१.४२ अभ्युत्सादयाम्प्रजनयाञ्चिकयांरमयामकः
पावयाङ्क्रियाद्विदामक्रन्निति च्छन्दसि।
3.1.42 Abhyutsādayāmprajanayāñcikayāṁramayāmakaḥ
pāvayāṅkriyādvidāmakranniti cchandasi|
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३.१.४३ च्लि लुङि।
3.1.43 Cli luṅi|
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३.१.४४ च्लेः सिच्।
3.1.44 Cleḥ sic|
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३.१.४५ शल इगुपधादनिटः क्सः।
3.1.45 Śala igupadhādaniṭaḥ ksaḥ|
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३.१.४६ श्लिष आलिङ्गने।
3.1.46 Śliṣa āliṅgane|
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३.१.४७ न दृशः।
3.1.47 Na dṛśaḥ|
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३.१.४८ णिश्रिद्रुस्रुभ्यः कर्तरि चङ्।
3.1.48 Ṇiśridrusrubhyaḥ kartari caṅ|
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३.१.४९ विभाषा धेट्श्व्योः।
3.1.49 Vibhāṣā dheṭśvyoḥ|
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३.१.५० गुपेश्छन्दसि।
3.1.50 Gupeśchandasi|
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Aphorisms 51-60
३.१.५१ नोनयतिध्वनयत्येलयत्यर्दयतिभ्यः।
3.1.51 Nonayatidhvanayatyelayatyardayatibhyaḥ|
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३.१.५२ अस्यतिवक्तिख्यातिभ्यः अङ्।
3.1.52 Asyativaktikhyātibhyaḥ aṅ|
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३.१.५३ लिपिसिचिह्वश्च।
3.1.53 Lipisicihvaśca|
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३.१.५४ आत्मनेपदेष्वन्यतरस्याम्।
3.1.54 Ātmanepadeṣvanyatarasyām|
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३.१.५५ पुषादिद्युताद्यॢदितः परस्मैपदेषु।
3.1.55 Puṣādidyutādyḷditaḥ parasmaipadeṣu|
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३.१.५६ सर्त्तिशास्त्यर्तिभ्यश्च।
3.1.56 Sarttiśāstyartibhyaśca|
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३.१.५७ इरितो वा।
3.1.57 Irito vā|
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३.१.५८ जृस्तम्भुम्रुचुम्लुचुग्रुचुग्लुचुग्लुञ्चुश्विभ्यश्च।
3.1.58 Jṛstambhumrucumlucugrucuglucugluñcuśvibhyaśca|
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३.१.५९ कृमृदृरुहिभ्यश्छन्दसि।
3.1.59 Kṛmṛdṛruhibhyaśchandasi|
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३.१.६० चिण् ते पदः।
3.1.60 ciṇ te padaḥ|
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Aphorisms 61-70
३.१.६१ दीपजनबुधपूरितायिप्यायिभ्योऽन्यतरस्याम्।
3.1.61 Dīpajanabudhapūritāyipyāyibhyo'nyatarasyām|
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३.१.६२ अचः कर्मकर्तरि।
3.1.62 Acaḥ karmakartari|
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३.१.६३ दुहश्च।
3.1.63 Duhaśca|
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३.१.६४ न रुधः।
3.1.64 Na rudhaḥ|
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३.१.६५ तपोऽनुतापे च।
3.1.65 Tapo'nutāpe ca|
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३.१.६६ चिण् भावकर्मणोः।
3.1.66 Ciṇ bhāvakarmaṇoḥ|
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३.१.६७ सार्वधातुके यक्।
3.1.67 Sārvadhātuke yak|
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३.१.६८ कर्तरि शप्।
3.1.68 Kartari śap|
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३.१.६९ दिवादिभ्यः श्यन्।
3.1.69 Divādibhyaḥ śyan|
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३.१.७० वा भ्राशभ्लाशभ्रमुक्रमुक्लमुत्रसित्रुटिलषः।
3.1.70 Vā bhrāśabhlāśabhramukramuklamutrasitruṭilaṣaḥ|
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Aphorisms 71-80
३.१.७१ यसोऽनुपसर्गात्।
3.1.71 Yaso'nupasargāt|
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३.१.७२ संयसश्च।
3.1.72 Saṁyasaśca|
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३.१.७३ स्वादिभ्यः श्नुः।
3.1.73 Svādibhyaḥ śnuḥ|
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३.१.७४ श्रुवः शृ च।
3.1.74 Śruvaḥ śṛ ca|
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३.१.७५ अक्षोऽन्यतरस्याम्।
3.1.75 Akṣo'nyatarasyām|
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३.१.७६ तनूकरणे तक्षः।
3.1.76 Tanūkaraṇe takṣaḥ|
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३.१.७७ तुदादिभ्यः शः।
3.1.77 Tudādibhyaḥ śaḥ|
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३.१.७८ रुधादिभ्यः श्नम्।
3.1.78 Rudhādibhyaḥ śnam|
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३.१.७९ तनादिकृञ्भ्य उः।
3.1.79 Tanādikṛñbhya uḥ|
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३.१.८० धिन्विकृण्व्योर च।
3.1.80 Dhinvikṛṇvyora ca|
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Aphorisms 81-90
३.१.८१ क्र्यादिभ्यः श्ना।
3.1.81 Kryādibhyaḥ śnā|
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३.१.८२ स्तम्भुस्तुम्भुस्कम्भुस्कुम्भुस्कुञ्भ्यः श्नुश्च।
3.1.82 Stambhustumbhuskambhuskumbhuskuñbhyaḥ śnuśca|
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३.१.८३ हलः श्नः शानज्झौ।
3.1.83 Halaḥ śnaḥ śānajjhau|
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३.१.८४ छन्दसि शायजपि।
3.1.84 Chandasi śāyajapi|
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३.१.८५ व्यत्ययो बहुलम्।
3.1.85 Vyatyayo bahulam|
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३.१.८६ लिङ्याशिष्यङ्।
3.1.86 Liṅyāśiṣyaṅ|
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३.१.८७ कर्मवत् कर्मणा तुल्यक्रियः।
3.1.87 Karmavat karmaṇā tulyakriyaḥ|
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३.१.८८ तपस्तपःकर्मकस्यैव।
3.1.88 Tapastapaḥkarmakasyaiva|
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३.१.८९ न दुहस्नुनमां यक्चिणौ।
3.1.89 Na duhasnunamāṁ yakciṇau|
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३.१.९० कुषिरजोः प्राचां श्यन् परस्मैपदं च।
3.1.90 Kuṣirajoḥ prācāṁ śyan parasmaipadaṁ ca|
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Aphorisms 91-100
३.१.९१ धातोः।
3.1.91 Dhātoḥ|
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३.१.९२ तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम्।
3.1.92 Tatropapadaṁ saptamīstham|
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३.१.९३ कृदतिङ्।
3.1.93 Kṛdatiṅ|
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३.१.९४ वाऽसरूपोऽस्त्रियाम्।
3.1.94 Vā'sarūpo'striyām|
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३.१.९५ कृत्याः प्राङ् ण्वुलः।
3.1.95 Kṛtyāḥ prāṅ ṇvulaḥ|
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३.१.९६ तव्यत्तव्यानीयरः।
3.1.96 Tavyattavyānīyaraḥ|
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३.१.९७ अचो यत्।
3.1.97 Aco yat|
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३.१.९८ पोरदुपधात्।
3.1.98 Poradupadhāt|
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३.१.९९ शकिसहोश्च।
3.1.99 Śakisahośca|
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३.१.१०० गदमदचरयमश्चानुपसर्गे।
3.1.100 Gadamadacarayamaścānupasarge|
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Aphorisms 101-110
३.१.१०१ अवद्यपण्यवर्या गर्ह्यपणितव्यानिरोधेषु।
3.1.101 Avadyapaṇyavaryā garhyapaṇitavyānirodheṣu|
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३.१.१०२ वह्यं करणम्।
3.1.102 Vahyaṁ karaṇam|
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३.१.१०३ अर्यः स्वामिवैश्ययोः।
3.1.103 Aryaḥ svāmivaiśyayoḥ|
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३.१.१०४ उपसर्या काल्या प्रजने।
3.1.104 Upasaryā kālyā prajane|
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३.१.१०५ अजर्यं सङ्गतम्।
3.1.105 Ajaryaṁ saṅgatam|
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३.१.१०६ वदः सुपि क्यप् च।
3.1.106 Vadaḥ supi kyap ca|
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३.१.१०७ भुवो भावे।
3.1.107 Bhuvo bhāve|
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३.१.१०८ हनस्त च।
3.1.108 Hanasta ca|
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३.१.१०९ एतिस्तुशस्वृदृजुषः क्यप्।
3.1.109 Etistuśasvṛdṛjuṣaḥ kyap|
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३.१.११० ऋदुपधाच्चाकॢपिचृतेः।
3.1.110 Ṛdupadhāccākḷpicṛteḥ|
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Aphorisms 111-120
३.१.१११ ई च खनः।
3.1.111 Ī ca khanaḥ|
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३.१.११२ भृञोऽसञ्ज्ञायाम्।
3.1.112 Bhṛño'sañjñāyām|
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३.१.११३ मृजेर्विभाषा।
3.1.113 Mṛjervibhāṣā|
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३.१.११४ राजसूयसूर्यमृषोद्यरुच्यकुप्यकृष्टपच्याव्यथ्याः।
3.1.114 Rājasūyasūryamṛṣodyarucyakupyakṛṣṭapacyāvyathyāḥ|
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३.१.११५ भिद्योद्ध्यौ नदे।
3.1.115 Bhidyoddhyau nade|
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३.१.११६ पुष्यसिद्ध्यौ नक्षत्रे।
3.1.116 Puṣyasiddhyau nakṣatre|
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३.१.११७ विपूयविनीयजित्या मुञ्जकल्कहलिषु।
3.1.117 Vipūyavinīyajityā muñjakalkahaliṣu|
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३.१.११८ प्रत्यपिभ्यां ग्रहेश्छन्दसि।
3.1.118 Pratyapibhyāṁ graheśchandasi|
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३.१.११९ पदास्वैरिबाह्यापक्ष्येषु च।
3.1.119 Padāsvairibāhyāpakṣyeṣu ca|
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३.१.१२० विभाषा कृवृषोः।
3.1.120 Vibhāṣā kṛvṛṣoḥ|
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Aphorisms 121-130
३.१.१२१ युग्यं च पत्त्रे।
3.1.121 Yugyaṁ ca pattre|
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३.१.१२२ अमावस्यदन्यतरस्याम्।
3.1.122 Amāvasyadanyatarasyām|
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३.१.१२३ छन्दसि निष्टर्क्यदेवहूयप्रणीयोन्नीयोच्छिष्य मर्यस्तर्याध्वर्यखन्यखान्यदेवयज्याऽऽपृच्छ्य प्रतिषीव्यब्रह्मवाद्यभाव्यस्ताव्योपचाय्यपृडानि।
3.1.123 Chandasi niṣṭarkyadevahūyapraṇīyonnīyocchiṣya maryastaryādhvaryakhanyakhānyadevayajyā''pṛcchya pratiṣīvyabrahmavādyabhāvyastāvyopacāyyapṛḍāni|
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३.१.१२४ ऋहलोर्ण्यत्।
3.1.124 Ṛhalorṇyat|
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३.१.१२५ ओरावश्यके।
3.1.125 Orāvaśyake|
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३.१.१२६ आसुयुवपिरपिलपित्रपिचमश्च।
3.1.126 Āsuyuvapirapilapitrapicamaśca|
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३.१.१२७ आनाय्योऽनित्ये।
3.1.127 Ānāyyo'nitye|
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३.१.१२८ प्रणाय्योऽसम्मतौ।
3.1.128 Praṇāyyo'sammatau|
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३.१.१२९ पाय्यसान्नाय्यनिकाय्यधाय्या मानहविर्निवाससामिधेनीषु।
3.1.129 Pāyyasānnāyyanikāyyadhāyyā mānahavirnivāsasāmidhenīṣu|
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३.१.१३० क्रतौ कुण्डपाय्यसञ्चाय्यौ।
3.1.130 Kratau kuṇḍapāyyasañcāyyau|
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Aphorisms 131-140
३.१.१३१ अग्नौ परिचाय्योपचाय्यसमूह्याः।
3.1.131 Agnau paricāyyopacāyyasamūhyāḥ|
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३.१.१३२ चित्याग्निचित्ये च।
3.1.132 Cityāgnicitye ca|
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३.१.१३३ ण्वुल्तृचौ।
3.1.133 Ṇvultṛcau|
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३.१.१३४ नन्दिग्रहिपचादिभ्यो ल्युणिन्यचः।
3.1.134 Nandigrahipacādibhyo lyuṇinyacaḥ|
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३.१.१३५ इगुपधज्ञाप्रीकिरः कः।
3.1.135 Igupadhajñāprīkiraḥ kaḥ|
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३.१.१३६ आतश्चोपसर्गे।
3.1.136 Ātaścopasarge|
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३.१.१३७ पाघ्राध्माधेट्दृशः शः।
3.1.137 Pāghrādhmādheṭdṛśaḥ śaḥ|
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३.१.१३८ अनुपसर्गाल्लिम्पविन्दधारिपारिवेद्युदेजिचेतिसातिसाहिभ्यश्च।
3.1.138 Anupasargāllimpavindadhāripārivedyudejicetisātisāhibhyaśca|
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३.१.१३९ ददातिदधात्योर्विभाषा।
3.1.139 Dadātidadhātyorvibhāṣā|
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३.१.१४० ज्वलितिकसन्तेभ्यो णः।
3.1.140 Jvalitikasantebhyo ṇaḥ|
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Aphorisms 141-150
३.१.१४१ श्याऽऽद्व्यधास्रुसंस्र्वतीणवसाऽवहृलिहश्लिषश्वसश्च।
3.1.141 Śyā''dvyadhāsrusaṁsrvatīṇavasā'vahṛlihaśliṣaśvasaśca|
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३.१.१४२ दुन्योरनुपसर्गे।
3.1.142 Dunyoranupasarge|
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३.१.१४३ विभाषा ग्रहेः।
3.1.143 Vibhāṣā graheḥ|
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३.१.१४४ गेहे कः।
3.1.144 Gehe kaḥ|
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३.१.१४५ शिल्पिनि ष्वुन्।
3.1.145 Śilpini ṣvun|
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३.१.१४६ गस्थकन्।
3.1.146 Gasthakan|
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३.१.१४७ ण्युट् च।
3.1.147 Ṇyuṭ ca|
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३.१.१४८ हश्च व्रीहिकालयोः।
3.1.148 Haśca vrīhikālayoḥ|
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३.१.१४९ प्रुसृल्वः समभिहारे वुन्।
3.1.149 Prusṛlvaḥ samabhihāre vun|
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३.१.१५० आशिषि च।
3.1.150 Āśiṣi ca|
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EXPLANATION IS IN PROGRESS WITH NO POLISHING YET
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